Recent Advances in Microbiology (2020–2025): Multi-Omics Integration, AMR Threats, and AI-Based Microbial Surveillance

Abstract

The Microbiology has changed rapidly in the last five years due to major progress in genomics, artificial intelligence (AI), next-generation sequencing, and synthetic biology. Growing threats such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR), climate-driven changes in pathogens, pandemics, and environmental pollution have pushed researchers to develop better tools for microbial detection, surveillance, and functional analysis. This review highlights the latest advances in microbiology between 2020 and 2025. Key topics include metagenomics, microbiome research, genome engineering, AI applications, wastewater epidemiology, one-health surveillance, and rapid diagnostics. The growing use of multi-omics and computational biology is reshaping how microbes are studied. The paper also identifies important research gaps and offers directions for future work.