Phytochemicals with Anti-Cancer Properties: A Review of Plant-Based Chemopreventive Agents

Abstract

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with adding prevalence observed in both developed and developing countries( 5). Conventional curatives, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical interventions, although effective to some extent, are frequently associated with severe side goods, similar as organ toxin, immunosuppression, and medicine resistance, limiting their long- term efficacity( 12). Phytochemicals, which are naturally being bioactive composites present in fruits, vegetables, sauces, and other factory sources, have shown significant pledge as chemopreventive and remedial agents against colorful cancer types( 3). These composites ply multifaceted anticancer goods through mechanisms similar as induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of angiogenesis, modulation of seditious pathways, and epigenetic regulation( 18). Major classes of phytochemicals include flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and polyphenols, each with unique molecular targets and bioactivities( 7). Advancements in molecular biology, pharmacology, and nanotechnology have eased the identification, insulation, and delivery of these composites, paving the way for translational operations in cancer forestallment and treatment( 2). This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current knowledge on factory- deduced chemopreventive agents, emphasizing their mechanisms of action, remedial eventuality, and prospects for clinical operation( 14).