Systematic Review of Ayurvedic Plants in Respiratory Diseases

Abstract

Respiratory conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary complaint( COPD), bronchitis, and acute respiratory infections, remain among the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, assessing significant healthcare and socioeconomic burdens( 12). Ayurveda, India’s traditional system of drug, has a long history of employing factory- grounded rectifiers for Kasa( cough), Shwasa( asthma and dyspnea), and Pratishyaya( rhinitis), with numerous remedies still used in pastoral and civic homes( 19). Prominent plants include Adhatoda vasica( Vasaka), Andrographis paniculata( Kalmegh), Ocimum sanctum( Tulsi), Glycyrrhiza glabra( Licorice), Tinospora cordifolia( Guduchi), Zingiber officinale( gusto), Piper longum( Pippali), and Curcuma longa( Turmeric), each of which exhibits pharmacological parcels applicable to respiratory pathophysiology, similar as bronchodilation, mucolysis, immunomodulation, and antiviral effects ( 4). The ideal of this review was to totally collate and critically dissect available substantiation on these plants, fastening on preclinical data, randomized controlled trials( RCTs), and methodical reviews( 2). A targeted literature hunt linked 25 representative references, including beast studies, mechanistic studies, and clinical data, to give a balanced evaluation( 15). The strongest substantiation supports Andrographis paniculata for the characteristic relief of uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infections, as shown in multiple RCTs and meta- analyses( 26). Adhatoda vasica and Tinospora cordifolia demonstrate promising results in small clinical studies, particularly during the COVID- 19 epidemic( 5). Other plants similar as Glycyrrhiza glabra and Zingiber officinale give preclinical support but bear robust RCT confirmation( 3)