Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis Presenting with Hypertensive Urgency In A Pediatric Patient: A Case Report

Abstract

Infection with nephritogenic strains of group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus usually results in the immune-mediated kidney disease known as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN). Due to the possibility of end-organ damage and difficulties in diagnosis, presentation with hypertensive urgency is nevertheless clinically noteworthy even though it is a common cause of acute nephritic syndrome in children. We describe the case of a nine-year-old boy who had a fever, extensive hematuria, developing widespread edema, and noticeably high blood pressure (160/110 mmHg). Significant proteinuria, hematuria, high anti-streptolysin O titers, hypocomplementemia, and maintained renal function were found in the laboratory assessment. It was determined that the condition was post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis aggravated with hypertensive urgency. Resolution of edema, normalization of blood pressure, and improvement in urine results were all signs of a progressive clinical recovery. Immune-complex-mediated glomerular damage, which results in decreased glomerular filtration, salt and water retention, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is thought to be the cause of the hypertensive urgency seen in PSGN. To avoid problems, early detection and timely treatment with an emphasis on blood pressure control and volume regulation are essential. This case study highlights the importance of recognising hypertensive urgency as a potential consequence of PSGN in pediatric patients. Long-term renal sequelae can be avoided and positive outcomes can be achieved with prompt diagnosis and proper supportive care