Smart Optimized Routing Protocol for Disaster Management in WSN

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as a pivotal technology in the domain of environmental monitoring, offering unprecedented capabilities for the early detection and real-time tracking of environmental catastrophes. Despite their potential, these networks are inherently constrained by the finite power supplies of individual sensor nodes and the high probability of data congestion during critical emergency events. Such bottlenecks often lead to premature node exhaustion and catastrophic network failure exactly when data reliability is most vital. This paper proposes a Smart Optimized Routing Protocol (SORP) designed to mitigate these challenges through a dynamic, multi-criteria cost function. Unlike traditional distance-vector protocols, our approach simultaneously evaluates Euclidean distance, residual energy levels, cumulative hop counts, and real-time buffer congestion. By integrating these diverse metrics, the protocol intelligently selects the "least-cost" path to the Base Station, effectively load-balancing the network and preventing the formation of "energy holes."