Exploring Green Investment in Agri-Food System: Pathways to Sustainability and Resilience – Indian Perspective

Abstract

The agri-food system, a cornerstone of global food security and rural livelihoods, is under increasing pressure from climate change, environmental degradation, and resource scarcity. In this context, green investment has emerged as a vital strategy to transition agricultural production and food systems toward sustainability, resilience, and inclusivity. Conventional agricultural models often rely heavily on fossil fuels, intensive chemical use, and linear supply chains, which contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, soil depletion, and water stress. A shift toward sustainable practices demands targeted financial flows into climate-smart agriculture, renewable energy, circular economy approaches, and green technologies. The objective of this paper is to analyze the role of green investment in promoting sustainable agri-food systems, assess its potential to reduce environmental risks, and highlight its socio-economic benefits for farmers and rural communities. The paper draws upon secondary data from government reports, FAO and World Bank publications, and peer-reviewed studies. A qualitative approach is applied to examine best practices, case studies, and policy interventions from India and other developing economies. The findings indicates that green investments such as solar-powered irrigation, organic farming, biofertilizers, waste-to-energy systems, and digital supply-chain platforms etc. not only reduce ecological footprints but also enhance productivity, market access, and income security for smallholders. However, gaps remain in financing mechanisms, awareness, and policy alignment. The paper concludes that green investment in the agri-food system offers a dual benefit of ecological sustainability and socio-economic resilience. Strengthening public–private partnerships, financial incentives, and capacity-building initiatives is essential to scale up these investments and achieve long-term food system transformation.