Advancements in diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder marked by chronic high blood sugar and diverse complications affecting the heart, kidneys, eyes, and nervous system. Recent advances in technology and therapy—including continuous glucose monitoring, artificial pancreas systems, stem cell-based treatments, immunomodulation, and AI-driven precision medicine—have revolutionized diagnosis and management. These innovations allow early detection, personalized treatment, and better glycemic control, improving patient outcomes and quality of life. However, challenges such as high costs, limited access, patient adherence, and technological constraints remain. Emerging strategies, including automated insulin delivery, gene therapy, regenerative medicine, and digital health solutions, offer promising avenues to modify disease progression and enhance individualized care.