Polypharmacy Among NCD Patients in Rural Tamil Nadu: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for nearly two-thirds of mortality in India and are increasingly prevalent in rural populations. The coexistence of multiple chronic conditions has led to a rise in polypharmacy, commonly defined as the use of five or more medications. Polypharmacy is associated with adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, poor adherence, and increased healthcare costs. Evidence from Indian studies suggests that the prevalence of polypharmacy ranges from 13% in rural populations to nearly 49% among elderly individuals. Rural Tamil Nadu, with its high NCD burden and evolving healthcare infrastructure, represents a critical setting for understanding this issue. This review synthesizes evidence from approximately 20 studies to explore the epidemiology, determinants, consequences, and management of polypharmacy in rural NCD patients.