MARDALA AS A SYMBOL OF ODISHAN MUSICAL IDENTITY: A HISTORICAL STUDY

Abstract

The Mardala is one of the most distinctive percussion instruments of Odisha and serves as a significant symbol of the state's musical and cultural identity. Deeply rooted in temple traditions, classical music, and devotional practices, the instrument has evolved over centuries while maintaining its unique rhythmic and aesthetic character. This study examines the historical development of the Mardala and its emergence as an emblem of Odishan musical identity. Drawing upon historical records, Sanskrit musicological treatises, temple sculptures, literary sources, and contemporary scholarly works, the article explores the instrument's association with the Jagannath cult, Odissi music, and Odissi dance. It further analyses the role of the Mardala in preserving indigenous musical traditions through the guru–shishya paramparā and its contribution to the cultural continuity of Odisha. The study argues that the Mardala is not merely a percussion instrument but a cultural symbol representing the historical legacy, artistic excellence, and collective identity of the people of Odisha. By examining its historical evolution and contemporary relevance, the paper highlights the need for continued preservation, documentation, and promotion of this invaluable component of India's intangible cultural heritage.