A Review: Butterfly Assortment and Their Ecosystem Services for Society

Abstract

Butterflies (Order Lepidoptera) are among the most conspicuous and ecologically important groups of insects. They exhibit high species diversity, complex life cycles, and acute sensitivity to environmental changes. This review synthesizes the current literature on butterfly diversity, including taxonomic, geographical, and ecological patterns, and examines their ecosystem services for both ecosystems and human society. Particular emphasis is placed on their roles as pollinators, bioindicators, components of food webs, and agents of environmental education, ecotourism, and conservation awareness. Understanding butterfly diversity and ecological functions is crucial for promoting biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.